Lore 269: There Goes My Hero (ad-free)

War has given us a lot of artifacts throughout history, but the most frightening relics are the stories it leaves behind.

Written and produced by Aaron Mahnke, with research by Jamie Vargas and music by Chad Lawson.

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Sources:

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• “Anthony Wayne: Wayne State’s Namesake and Batman’s Ancestor.” Wayne State University. https://s.wayne.edu/eld/digital-stories/anthony-wayne-wayne-states-namesake-and-batmans-ancestor

• Armstrong, Catherine. “This South Carolina Legend Will Send Chills Down Your Spine.” Only in Your State. 11/21/2022. https://www.onlyinyourstate.com/south-carolina/legend-of-the-headless-sentry-sc

• Baltrusis, Sam. Ghosts of Cambridge: Haunts of Harvard Square and Beyond. Charleston: Haunted America, 2013. E-book.

• Blondino, Joseph R. “Meeting at Headquarters: Public Archeology at Valley Forge.” National Park Service. https://www.nps.gov/articles/public-archeology-at-valley-forge.htm

• “Boston’s Spookiest Places.” CBS Boston. 10/10/2017. https://www.cbsnews.com/boston/news/bostons-spookiest-places

• Brouwers, Josho. “Stele of the Vultures.” Ancient World Magazine. 8/14/2017. https://www.ancientworldmagazine.com/articles/stele-vultures

• Campana, Douglas V. and Crabtree, Pam J. “Soldiers’ Diet At Valley Forge: An Analysis of the Faunal Remains From the 2000 Excavation Season.” Bull. Florida Museum of Natural History. 2003. pp.199-204. https://www.floridamuseum.ufl.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/Vol-44_199-204.pdf

• Cartwright, Mark. “Ancient Greek Warfare.” World History Encyclopedia. 3/27/2018. https://www.worldhistory.org/Greek_Warfare

• Cartwright, Mark. “Roman Warfare.” World History Encyclopedia. 10/22/2013. https://www.worldhistory.org/Roman_Warfare

• “The Centennial and Memorial Association of Valley Forge.” Valley Forge. The Pennsylvania State University Press, 1995. National Park Service. https://www.nps.gov/parkhistory/online_books/vafo/treese/treese2b.htm#:~:text=It%20is%20said%20that%20the,of%20a%20challenge%20and%20countersign

• “Cherokee War (1759-1761).” South Carolina Encyclopedia. https://www.scencyclopedia.org/sce/entries/cherokee-war-1759-1761

• “Christ Church.” Cambridge and The American Revolution. https://historycambridge.org/Cambridge-Revolution/Christ%20Church.html

• Coulston, Jon. “Courage and Cowardice in the Roman Imperial Army.” War in History, January 2013, Vol. 20, No. 1, pp.7-31. https://www.jstor.org/stable/26098641?read-now=1&seq=10#page_scan_tab_contents

• Cserkits, Michael, PhD. “The Concept of War in Ancient Mesopotamia: Reshaping Carl Von Clausewitz’s Trinity.” Marine Corps University Press. 1/4/2022. https://www.usmcu.edu/Outreach/Marine-Corps-University-Press/Expeditions-with-MCUP-digital-journal/The-Concept-of-War-in-Ancient-Mesopotamia

• Dimuro, Claudia. “Does the Fighting Spirit of General ‘Mad’ Anthony Wayne Still Haunt PA.?” PENN Live. 10/31/2022. https://www.pennlive.com/life/2022/10/does-the-fighting-spirit-of-general-mad-anthony-wayne-still-haunt-pa.html

• “Francis Marion.” American Battlefield Trust. https://www.battlefields.org/learn/biographies/francis-marion

• Getty, Katie Turner. “Prisoners of War.” Journal of the American Revolution. 1/10/2019. https://allthingsliberty.com/2019/01/death-had-almost-lost-its-sting-disease-on-the-prison-ship-jersey

• “The Ghost of Wedgefield Plantation.” Wedgefield Plantation. http://wedgefield.squarespace.com/the-ghost-story

• “Haunting Encounters With Revolutionary Ghouls.” American Battlefield Trust. 10/20/2020. https://www.battlefields.org/learn/head-tilting-history/haunting-encounters-revolutionary-ghouls

• History.com Editors. “Valley Forge.” HISTORY. A&E Television Networks. Updated 6/21/2023. https://www.history.com/topics/american-revolution/valley-forge

• Horry, Peter, and Weems, Mason Locks. The Life of Gen. Francis Marion, A Celebrated Partisan Officer in the Revolutionary War Against the British and Tories In South Carolina and Georgia. Philadelphia: Joseph Allen, 1852. https://archive.org/details/lifegeneralfran00horrgoog/page/n108/mode/2up

• Lambert, Paddy. “The Gladiatorial Eagles: Roman Heroism and Single Combat on Early Battlefields. Part One—Beginnings.” Heritage Daily. 3/1/2012. https://www.heritagedaily.com/2012/03/the-gladiatorial-eagles-roman-heroism-and-single-combat-on-early-battlefields-part-one-beginnings/27878

• Mark, Joshua J. “Mesopotamian Warfare.” World History Encyclopedia. 2/13/2023. https://www.worldhistory.org/Mesopotamian_Warfare

• “Middlesex, SS.” Dunlap and Claypoole’s American Daily Advertiser. 7/9/1778, pp. 2-3. https://www.newspapers.com/image/1034012989/?terms=Lieutenant%20Richard%20Brown

• “Saragoga.” American Battlefield Trust. https://www.battlefields.org/learn/revolutionary-war/battles/saratoga

• “Saratoga Surrender Site.” National Park Service. https://www.nps.gov/places/saratoga-surrender-site.htm

• Schenawolf, Harry. “Best Ghost Stories of the American Revolution.” Revolutionary War Journal. 11/4/2022. https://revolutionarywarjournal.com/best-ghost-stories-of-the-american-revolution

• Scott, Joseph C. “Anthony Wayne.” Mount Vernon. https://www.mountvernon.org/library/digitalhistory/digital-encyclopedia/article/anthony-wayne

• Sherry, Jeff. “A Halloween Story—The Death of Anthony Wayne.” Hagen History Center. 10/30/2020. https://www.eriehistory.org/blog/a-halloween-story-the-death-of-anthony-wayne

• Simms, W. Gilmore. The Life of Francis Marion. New York: J. & H. G. Langley, 1846. Digital. https://archive.org/details/lifeoffrancismar03simm/page/204/mode/2up

• Strickland, Jonathan. “What Was the First War?” How Stuff Works. Updated 11/3/2023. https://science.howstuffworks.com/invent-war.htm

• Texin, Cheryl. “Honor & Glory in the Iliad: Life After Death.” https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/21h-301-the-ancient-world-greece-fall-2004/1447f97ae9d1c36fb2b26ad4260bb734_pa1_iliad_rev_dn.pdf

• Thomsen, Paul A. “Guerilla Patriot: The Intelligence Gathering Efforts and the Battle Tactics of Francis Marion.” American Intelligence Journal, Vol. 21, No. ½, Twenty Fifth Anniversary Issue (Spring 2002), pp.61-65. https://www.jstor.org/stable/44327006?read-now=1&seq=5#page_scan_tab_contents

• “The Unsolved Mystery of Graves and Ghosts at Valley Forge.” UShistory.org. https://www.ushistory.org/valleyforge/history/vmyster.html#google_vignette

• Waldo, Albigence. “Valley Forge, 1777-1778. Diary of Surgeon Albigence Waldo, of the Connecticut Line.” The Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography, vol. 21, no. 3, 1897. pp.299-323. JSTOR. https://archive.org/details/jstor-20085750/page/n3/mode/2up

• “Warfare, Attitudes to (Greek and Hellenistic).” Oxford Dictionary of the Classical World. https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/oi/authority.20111012190505609

• Washington, George. “Copy of a Letter From Gen. Washington, to Adm. Digby.” Jackson’s Oxford Journal. 9/28/1782, p.1. https://www.newspapers.com/image/396484006/?match=1&terms=prison%20ships

• Washington, George. “George Washington to [The Convention of New Hampshire] Valley Forge, [Pennsylvania], December 29, 1777.” The Gilder Lehrman Collection. https://www.gilderlehrman.org/sites/default/files/inline-pdfs/t-03706.pdf

• Watson, Robert P. The Ghost Ship of Brooklyn: An Untold Story of the American Revolution. New York: Da Capo Press, 2017. E-book.

• “Wayne Buried in Two Places.” Paoli Battlefield Preservation Fund. https://pbpfinc.org/wayne-buried-in-two-places

• Wilkins, Armonee. “HMS Jersey.” Fraunces Tavern Museum. https://www.frauncestavernmuseum.org/hms-jersey

• “Winter at Valley Forge.” American Battlefield Trust. 9/21/2017. https://www.battlefields.org/learn/articles/winter-valley-forge